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Which of these options is a risk factor for dehydration?

Which of these options is not a symptom of dehydration?

The functions of fluid in the body include:

Fluid distribution is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Julia is 73 years old. She has a chest infection and as a result, her food intake has been minimal, and Julia has experienced unplanned weight loss. The nurse calculates a ‘MUST’ score of 3 and is concerned about her nutritional status.

All nutritional interventions should be monitored to ensure that nutrition care plans are fulfilling the needs of the patient.

Bill is 65 years old. He was admitted to hospital last week with a chest infection, and as a result his food intake has been minimal.

Bert has been taking an oral nutritional drink daily for the past 18 months (following a previous hospital admission).

There are many advantages to using the 'MUST' screening tool. Which of the following statements is not true?

Nutritional screening is a quick, simple procedure. If screening is not undertaken, resident safety may be compromised. When should nutritional screening be undertaken?

The consequences of malnutrition include:

Malnutrition increases the cost of care due to increased health complications, delayed healing and longer hospital stays. What is the estimated cost of malnutrition in Ireland per year?

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) defines malnutrition as the following:

Malnutrition is a condition that can be found in people that are:

Which of the following are important factors affecting compliance with ONS?

ONS have been shown to have beneficial effects on malnourished patients including increasing weight and reducing mortality.

A High Calorie, High Protein diet involves encouraging foods such as meat, fish, eggs, full fat dairy products (milk, cheese, yoghurt), desserts, nutritious drinks and fortifying foods (e.g. adding cream/butter to meals)

Nutrition care plans for malnourished patients may include which of the following:

There is no need to monitor individual goals set for residents.

Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) can be incorporated into meals and recipes.

is important that a resident’s care plan is reviewed regularly to monitor progress and ensure that the care plan continues to meet the individual's needs.

Following 'MUST' screening, you have identified a resident at high risk of malnutrition. What is suggested by the 'MUST' tool as a management plan?

'MUST’ is a two-step screening tool, designed to help to identify children, who are malnourished, or at risk of malnutrition.

Subjects identified as high or medium risk of malnutrition in nutritional screening typically require some form of intervention.

A general guide to providing fluids is 40-45ml/hg/day, with a minimum of 10-12 cups/day.

Venous leg ulcer is the most common type of leg ulcer?

Adequate hydration is crucial for wound healing, as dehydrated skin is less elastic, more fragile and more susceptible to breakdown.

If energy is provided by protein foods only, the body will use the protein for energy, rather than wound healing.

What percentage of community nursing time is spent on the provision of wound care?

The body cannot lose proteins from wound exudates

The main sources of energy for wound healing should come from:

Chronic wounds can be associated with which co-morbidity?

How many main wound categories are there?

What is the mean prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ireland?

Which of the following statements is false:

It is important to support residents with dementia in maintaining independence as much as possible and to provide assistance with meals where required

Your resident needs to start on an Energy Dense diet. Which breakfast option would you recommend first?

Residents with dementia may experience feeding difficulties and as a result malnutrition can be an issue. Tips to encourage a resident's appetite include:

Nutritional implications of advanced dementia may include:

By 2045 more than 150,000 people in ireland will have dementia.

The clinical symptoms of dementia can include:

Your resident has a MUST score of 4 and is managing very small portions of their meals.

Which of these options would you choose to fortify a bowl of porridge?

What is Food Fortification?

BMI is a useful measure if a resident has ascites or oedema.

A waist circumference of ____ is associated with very high risk of complications such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Long term complications of being overweight or obese can be:

The aim of treatment for obesity is to lose weight in order to improve general quality of life, both physically and psychologically.

Weight loss diets should be carried out under the guidance of a healthcare professional, to ensure that vital nutrients are not missed out on.

Diets that are very restrictive, for example those that cut out entire food groups are not recommended.

Weight management should include a combination of diet and exercise.

Contributing causes of overweight and obesity may include:

The following measures can help determine overweight and obesity:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.

How could you increase the fibre content of an evening tea which consisted of: quiche lorraine, green leafy salad and apple crumble with custard?

A resident in your nursing home is constipated and you have been asked to choose a high fibre breakfast. Which breakfast is the most appropriate choice?

A high fibre diet with too little fluid may cause dehydration as fibre draws water into the bowel?

Which one of the following statements is false?

According to Irish guidelines, how much dietary fibre should people consume everyday?

What is the function of ‘insoluble’ dietary fibre in the gut?

The prevalence of constipation among older adults in care homes is:

Which of the following factors are common cause of primary constipation?

The Bristol Stool Chart is a clinical aid designed to classify the form of stools into seven categories. What is the ideal stool consistency?

Constipation affects just older persons?

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of malnutrition?

What is the prevalence of malnutrition in care homes?

Which one of the following options would you choose to fortify a bowl of porridge?

Which of the following is likely the most appropriate/easiest way to increase protein intake by 20g in a resident with a small appetite?

Which of the following is likely the most appropriate/easiest way to increase energy by 100kcal in a resident with a small appetite?

What is food fortification?

What type of foods should I offer someone when they are eating very small portions of their meals?

Which of these evening tea options contains all the food groups?

A combination of nutrients is essential for overall good health.

Macronutrients are the main source of energy in your diet. Which of these groups consists of macronutrients only?

Abbott Management & Leadership Programme

The Essential Elements of Nutrition Care programme offers regular leadership forums focusing on the following areas:leadership skillsnetworking with peers

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Siobhán O’Keeffe

Ava Cronly

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The total number of people living with diabetes in Ireland is estimated to be 25,000.

People with Diabetes should spread out their fruit intake over the day.

Which of the following snacks would be a healthy option for a person with diabetes?

How often should individuals with type 2 diabetes consume oily fish?

‘Diabetic foods’ are not recommended as they may contain more fat and energy than other foods and may be more expensive and can have a laxative effect.

Which of the following nutritional recommendations is false? To achieve good blood glucose control…

HbA1c is a long-term measure of blood glucose levels. It reflects average plasma glucose over the previous ____weeks

If a resident's blood glucose falls below 4mmol/L, they may develop symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Which of the following foods would provide 15g rapid acting carbohydrate used in the treatment of hypoglycaemia?

The clinical symptoms of diabetes can include:

Type 2 Diabetes typically develops in younger people (<40 years) and may be caused by an autoimmune process. The onset of symptoms is usually rapid.

Management of dysphagia should be regarded as a dynamic process which is likely to change with time, a multidisciplinary team should be involved in monitoring individual patient care plans.

There should be a clear pathway for referral to the Dietitian and SLT where necessary, following assessment of a resident’s nutrition and hydration requirements.

Management of dysphagia should be regarded as a dynamic process which is likely to change with time, a multidisciplinary team should be involved in monitoring individual patient care plans.

“Soft and Bitesized” food can be described as soft, tender and moist throughout with no thin liquid leaking or dripping from the food. Chewing ability is needed.

Strategies to increase fluid intake include: calculate a fluid goal; provide regular hydration or drink cart rounds; prompt residents and offer assistance with drinks.

Moderately thick fluids (Level 3) can be described as: